by

被、由用于被动语态，表动作者

The window was broken by a stray baseball.

窗户被乱飞的棒球打破了。

借由、透过、用

She improved her Chinese by watching local dramas every night.

她每晚透过看本地连续剧来提升中文。

搭、乘表交通方式

We traveled by train along the eastern coast.

我们搭火车沿著东海岸旅行。

在……之前、不迟于

Please submit the final report by Friday afternoon.

请在星期五下午前送交最终报告。

在……旁边、靠近

He sat by the window and read quietly all morning.

他整个早上都坐在窗边安静地看书。

经过、路过

She walked by the bakery without even slowing down.

她经过那家面包店，连脚步都没放慢。

依照、按照

By law, every employee must receive a written contract.

依法，每位员工都必须拿到书面合约。

差、以……之差

Our team lost the final game by just two points.

我们队以两分之差输掉最后一场比赛。

乘表尺寸

The kitchen measures four meters by five meters.

厨房是四公尺乘五公尺。

按、以……计表计价或计量单位

The temporary workers are paid by the hour.

这些临时工按时计酬。

逐、一个接一个用于重复的名词之间

The audience left the hall row by row.

观众一排一排地离开大厅。

抓住……的表抓握的部位

He grabbed me by the wrist and pulled me back.

他抓住我的手腕，把我拉了回来。

在……期间用于 by day、by night 等

She works in an office by day and paints by night.

她白天在办公室上班，晚上画画。

经过、过去

A police car sped by without stopping.

一辆警车飞快地驶过，没有停下来。

在附近、在一旁

The pharmacy is close by, just around the corner.

药局就在附近，转个弯就到。